Over 3 million students take the IELTS exam every year, making it the most popular choice for studying abroad. While IELTS dominates the landscape, the TOEFL is another viable option, accepted by more than 11,000 universities across 150 countries.

If you're planning to pursue undergraduate studies, an MBA, or advanced research, choosing the right entrance exam can significantly impact your study abroad journey. English proficiency tests and specialized exams like the GMAT serve a distinct purpose in your academic journey. While language tests evaluate your communication skills, exams like the GMAT help you qualify for global business and management programs.

In this guide, we'll discuss the top international exams to study abroad, their acceptance in different countries, and how to choose the ones that align with your academic goals

Essential English Proficiency Tests for Global Education

Proving your English language proficiency is typically the first step in your application process if you’re planning to study abroad. These standardized tests evaluate your ability to communicate effectively in academic settings and are mandatory requirements for most international universities.

Comparing IELTS and TOEFL: Which Suits Indian Students Better?

The International English Language Testing System (IELTS) and Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) remain the most widely recognized English proficiency assessments globally. Still, they differ significantly in format and approach.

IELTS is jointly administered by the British Council, Cambridge Assessment English, and IDP Australia, making it particularly popular in the UK, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. In contrast, TOEFL is conducted by the US-based Educational Testing Service (ETS) and is often preferred by American institutions.

Both tests assess four core language skills:

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A key distinction for Indian students is the speaking component. IELTS features a face-to-face interview, which many non-native speakers find more comfortable than the TOEFL's requirement to speak in a microphone in a room with other test-takers.

Regarding scoring, IELTS uses a band system from 0-9, whereas TOEFL scores range from 0-120 points. The rough equivalence between scores is:

• TOEFL 100-114 ≈ IELTS 7.5-8.0
• TOEFL 79-93 ≈ IELTS 6.5

Both tests are valid for two years from the date of examination. As an Indian student, the choice often comes down to your target universities and personal comfort with test formats. IELTS is typically preferred if you're targeting UK institutions, whereas US universities traditionally favour TOEFL scores

PTE Academic: The Computer-Based Alternative

Pearson Test of English (PTE) Academic offers a fully computer-based alternative that's gaining popularity among Indian students. As a first-of-its-kind AI-powered English assessment, PTE evaluates your speaking, reading, writing, and listening skills through automated scoring systems.

PTE Academic offers several distinct advantages:

• Rapid Results Delivery: Typically available within 2 days of taking the test.
• AI-Based Scoring: Eliminates human bias in the assessment process.
• Integrated Skills Assessment: Tasks often combine multiple language skills, similar to real academic situations.
• Free Score Distribution: You can send your scores to unlimited institutions at no additional cost.

The test scores range from 10-90 points across overall and communicative skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking). PTE Academic is now accepted by over 3,500 universities and colleges worldwide, including recently added institutions like the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

For Indian students, PTE Academic presents a streamlined option with its computer-adaptive testing approach. This approach tailors questions to the student's performance level, making the assessment more precise and efficient.

Duolingo and Other Emerging Digital Language Assessments

Technology has transformed English testing with newer options like the Duolingo English Test (DET). This online assessment has rapidly gained acceptance, particularly following the pandemic, and is now recognized by more than 5,000 universities globally.

The DET distinguishes itself through:

• Accessibility: Can be taken remotely on any computer with stable internet.
• Affordability: Priced at approximately ₹5,000 (USD $70), making it more economical than traditional tests.
• Convenience: No fixed test dates; you can attempt the exam any day and time of the year.
• Quick turnaround: Results delivered within 48 hours.

The test evaluates reading, writing, listening, and speaking through adaptive testing that adjusts difficulty based on your performance. Scores range from 10-160 on a holistic scale. 

While essential English proficiency tests establish a foundational benchmark for global education, it's important to explore waivers and exceptions that can provide alternatives for students with unique circumstances.

English Proficiency Waivers and Exceptions

Under specific circumstances, you might qualify for an English language test waiver, potentially saving time and money in your application process. Common waiver criteria include:

• Country of Citizenship: If you're from a country where English is the official language and primary medium of communication.
• Previous Education: If you've completed a bachelor's or master's degree entirely in English.
• Language of Instruction: If your previous education was conducted solely in English, even if the country's official language is different.

Countries commonly eligible for waivers include the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada (excluding Quebec), Ireland, New Zealand, and several African and Caribbean nations. 

Unsure if you're eligible for a test waiver? Connect with study abroad mentors on Topmate for personalised advice and real-world insights tailored to your profile.

Documentation requirements for waiver requests typically include certificates, official letters, or other documents confirming that English was the primary language of instruction throughout your degree program. When applying for waivers, note that policies vary significantly between institutions. Johns Hopkins University, for example, doesn't accept Duolingo scores, while USC agrees with a wider range of tests, including Cambridge English C1 Advanced.

As testing methods evolve, English proficiency exams have become easier to access, more accurate, and better connected to how people learn. The real challenge is choosing the exam that fits your strengths and the requirements of the institutions you're aiming for.

Building on the importance of essential English proficiency tests, we now turn to the exams required for undergraduate studies abroad, which are critical for admission into international programs.

For those aiming to study or work in these destinations, Topmate is the go-to platform for connecting with seasoned mentors abroad. It ensures expert guidance every step of the way.

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Exams Required for Undergraduate Studies Abroad

Beyond language proficiency, undergraduate admissions abroad require various standardized tests that evaluate your academic preparedness. Your choice of exams to study abroad depends on your target country, university, and program of interest.

SAT and ACT: Understanding the Differences

In US institutions, the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and American College Testing (ACT) serve as primary undergraduate entrance exams. Although both assess college readiness, they differ in structure and approach.

The SAT focuses more on vocabulary and abstract reasoning, testing reading, writing, language, and math skills. In contrast, the ACT lays more emphasis on grammar and punctuation and includes a dedicated science section. Consider these key differences when choosing between these exams:

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According to 2024 data, approximately 1.97 million students took the SAT annually, compared to 1.37 million for the ACT. Cost considerations matter as well; the basic ACT fee (without essay) typically starts at ₹5,820, while the SAT fee (without essay) is from ₹8,536.

Importantly, almost all accredited colleges in the USA and over 4,000 universities worldwide accept either exam. Therefore, your decision should be based on personal strengths and test-taking preferences rather than university requirements.

AP Courses and International Baccalaureate Recognition

Advanced Placement (AP) courses and International Baccalaureate (IB) programs offer additional pathways to strengthen your undergraduate applications through recognized pre-university curricula.

The IB Diploma Program is valued for its comprehensive approach, encouraging critical thinking and intercultural understanding. Each year, over 4,500 universities across more than 110 countries receive applications from IB students. The program's international recognition stems from the following:

• Its academic foundation develops self-motivation and resilience.
• Recognition by local and national governments as internationally accredited curricula.
• Potential for advanced standing and course credits at universities.
• Strong preparation for degree programs beyond just academic content.

Similarly, Advanced Placement courses administered by the College Board are recognized globally, with universities using AP scores for various purposes such as:

• Admission decisions for competitive programs
• Course credit and advanced placement opportunities
• Scholarship considerations and financial aid
• Proof of subject proficiency and academic rigour

For Indian students aiming for international recognition, exploring which global universities accept SAT and AP scores can provide valuable direction. Understanding how these credentials are recognized worldwide helps make informed decisions about study destinations and admission strategies.

This allows you to filter institutions by:

• Type of recognition (admission, credit/placement, scholarships).
• University name and location.
• Region and College Board code.

The Lisbon Recognition Convention further supports international mobility for IB graduates, requiring signatory countries to recognize IB qualifications unless substantial differences exist with local credentials. Consequently, IB graduates can more confidently apply to higher education institutions in conventional countries.

Portfolio-Based Admissions for Creative Programs

Many universities prioritize portfolio submissions alongside standardized test scores for creative disciplines like art, design, film, architecture, and media. Portfolios help demonstrate your technical abilities and creative potential.

When preparing portfolio applications, consider these common requirements:

• Content Specifications: Institutions request a few pieces of your best work relevant to your chosen discipline.
• Presentation Quality: Professional organization with appropriate labelling of all pieces.
• Process Documentation: Include preliminary drafts and developmental work to show your creative thinking.
• Technical Diversity: Showcase various techniques and approaches within your field.

Portfolio requirements vary considerably among specific disciplines. Film and media programs often require visual storytelling samples, while design programs emphasize technical drawings or digital content. Architecture applicants should include construction and design drawings, whereas visual arts portfolios typically feature paintings, sculptures, or mixed-media works.

International institutions like the University for the Creative Arts (UK) and UniSA Creative (Australia) maintain specific portfolio guidelines that Indian students must follow carefully. Most importantly, these portfolios often carry more weight than standardized test scores for creative program admissions.

Foundation Year Requirements and Assessments

If you've completed a 12-year education system (common in India) rather than the 13-year system prevalent in many Western countries, you might need a foundation year before entering undergraduate studies abroad.

Foundation programs bridge academic gaps and prepare you for university-level work through:

• Subject-specific coursework relevant to your intended major.
• Academic English development tailored to your field.
• Study skills development for university success.
• Gradual transition to international teaching methods.

The International Foundation Program offered by institutions like the University of London evaluates students through written examinations. Those passing all modules receive a certificate graded as Pass, Merit, or Distinction. Similarly, the University of Manchester Foundation program allows progression to first-year undergraduate courses upon successful completion.

Admission requirements for foundation programs typically include:

• Completion of secondary education with satisfactory grades.
• English language proficiency (usually IELTS 4.5-5.5).
• Subject-specific requirements for certain pathways (e.g., mathematics for engineering).

These programs are great alternatives for Indian students whose qualifications might not directly meet undergraduate entry requirements abroad, particularly in countries like the UK, Australia, and Canada.

The choice of exams to study abroad should align with your academic strengths and target institutions. Most importantly, research specific requirements for your desired universities, as admission criteria continue evolving with many institutions becoming test-optional in recent years.

After covering the exams required for undergraduate studies abroad, it’s just as important to understand the key postgraduate admission tests that can shape your international academic journey. 

Postgraduate Admission Tests for International Universities

After securing English proficiency credentials, pursuing advanced degrees requires specialized postgraduate entrance exams to study abroad. As competition for graduate programs intensifies, these standardized assessments are gateways to prestigious institutions and scholarship opportunities.

GRE: Structure, Scoring, and University Preferences

The Graduate Record Examination (GRE) underwent a lot of changes in September 2023, transforming from a 3-hour 45-minute assessment to a streamlined 1-hour 58-minute test. This computer-delivered exam now features five sections: one Analytical Writing task (30 minutes), two Verbal Reasoning sections (18 and 23 minutes with 12 and 15 questions, respectively), and two Quantitative Reasoning sections (21 and 26 minutes with 12 and 15 questions, respectively).

The GRE employs section-level adaptation, where your performance on the first section determines the difficulty of the second section in each measure. This adaptive design offers several test-taker-friendly features, such as:

• Preview and review capabilities within sections.
• "Mark" and "Review" options to tag questions for later review.
• Ability to change answers within a section.
• An on-screen calculator for Quantitative Reasoning.

Regarding GRE scoring, the Verbal and Quantitative sections range from 130-170 each (total possible score of 340), while Analytical Writing is scored from 0-6. A competitive score typically exceeds 320 total points, with scores above 160 on individual sections considered strong. Your GRE results remain valid for five years from the test date.

The GRE's global acceptance extends beyond the United States, with universities in Canada, Australia, and numerous European and Asian nations recognizing scores.GRE score expectations aren’t the same everywhere. Top schools like Harvard and Stanford usually look for higher scores, often around 163 in both verbal and quantitative sections. In most cases, competitive applicants score between 157–168 verbally and 157–169 quant.

GMAT for Business and Management Programs

The Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) remains the premier choice for business school applications, accepted by more than 7,700 programs at over 2,400 universities across 110 countries. Unlike the GRE, the GMAT is specifically designed for business education, assessing skills directly relevant to management studies.

The current GMAT Focus Edition takes 2 hours and 15 minutes to complete and evaluates three core areas:

• Quantitative Reasoning: Problem-solving in arithmetic and algebra.
• Verbal Reasoning: Reading comprehension and critical reasoning.
• Data Insights: Interpretation and analysis of business data.

Scoring ranges from 205-805, with competitive scores for prestigious programs typically exceeding 700. However, holistic admissions processes mean candidates with lower scores may gain acceptance based on other application components.

Although the GRE has gained acceptance at business schools, approximately 13% of admission committees still prefer the GMAT, with only 1% favouring the GRE. Moreover, since business schools factor test scores into rankings calculations, strong GMAT performance may increase scholarship opportunities.

The primary distinction between these tests lies in their structure; the GMAT requires answering questions in sequence without skipping, whereas the GRE allows question navigation within sections. Additionally, the GMAT's verbal section emphasizes concise business writing, while the GRE tests broader vocabulary.

Specialized Tests for Law, Medicine, and Engineering

Beyond general graduate examinations, several disciplines require field-specific assessments:

The Law School Admission Test (LSAT) evaluates critical thinking, logical reasoning, and analytical skills necessary for legal education. This half-day standardized test comprises:

• Two logical reasoning sections (24-26 questions each).
• One reading comprehension section (26-28 questions).
• One analytical reasoning section (22-24 MCQs).
• One unscored variable section (24-28 MCQs).
• A separate 35-minute writing exam.

Scores range from 120 to 180, and competitive programs seek above-average performance. The LSAT is primarily required for law schools in the United States, Canada, and Australia.

The Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) assesses scientific knowledge, critical thinking, and problem-solving abilities for medical school applicants. On average, a score of 501 is considered competitive. While international students can apply, they make up a small portion of accepted applicants at U.S. medical schools.

If you’re aiming for a career in engineering, the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) Exam is your starting point for becoming a licensed professional in the United States. The FE Exam tests your knowledge in subjects like math, engineering ethics, and core engineering principles, so it’s not just about memorization, but real problem-solving. You can take the FE Exam at Pearson VUE centers worldwide, making it accessible no matter where you’re studying. Passing this exam is your first step before moving on to more advanced licensure exams later in your engineering journey.

The choice between these exams to study abroad should align with your career objectives and target institutions. Given that test scores may influence scholarship eligibility, thorough preparation remains imperative for maximizing your opportunities in international graduate education.

After discussing postgraduate admission tests, it’s essential to examine the country-specific exam requirements that vary significantly across international institutions.

Country-Specific Exam Requirements and Preferences

Understanding the specific entrance exam requirements for different countries is crucial, as admission criteria vary significantly across global education destinations. Let's examine how these requirements differ in popular study destinations for Indian students.

United States: Test-Optional Trends and Requirements

In recent years, the US has experienced a shift toward test-optional policies, with approximately 80% of colleges across the country no longer requiring standardized tests. Top institutions like Harvard, Stanford, and Columbia have adopted this approach, though some universities like MIT have reverted to mandatory SAT/ACT requirements.

Despite this trend, many institutions still consider test scores for:

• Merit scholarship evaluations.
• Course placement decisions.
• Admission to competitive programs.

For international students, English proficiency requirements remain largely unchanged. If you don't submit SAT/ACT scores, you'll need to demonstrate English proficiency through alternative tests like IELTS or TOEFL.

United Kingdom: UCAS Applications and Required Tests

UK university applications are centralized through the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS), where you can select up to five courses. The UK has specific entrance exams for certain disciplines, particularly at prestigious institutions.

When applying to UK universities, admission officers evaluate:

• Personal statements demonstrating subject passion and motivation.
• Academic qualifications and predicted grades.
• Aptitude test results for specific programs.

Most UK admissions tests occur between August and November, the year before your studies begin, and often before UCAS application deadlines. The University Clinical Aptitude Test (UCAT) is mandatory for medical programs. It assesses verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, and situational judgment.

Canada: Provincial Variations in Admission Criteria

Canadian admission requirements vary by province, institution, and program type. However, most universities accept standardized tests for English proficiency, such as IELTS, TOEFL, PTE, and Duolingo.

For academic requirements, Canadian institutions typically look for:

• High school diplomas from recognized institutions.
• SAT/ACT scores for certain programs that evaluate critical thinking.
• GRE/GMAT scores for specialized programs like the sciences or business.

The Student Direct Stream (SDS) offers a faster visa process, typically 20 days quicker than standard applications. To qualify for study permits, you must prove acceptance from a Designated Learning Institution (DLI) and demonstrate sufficient financial resources.

Australia and New Zealand: Streamlined Testing Approaches

Both countries maintain specific English language proficiency requirements with clear score thresholds. Australia accepts scores from IELTS (including One Skill Retake), PTE, Cambridge English (C1 Advanced), OET, and TOEFL iBT.

Importantly, neither country accepts "at-home" or online English tests; exams must be taken at secure test centres. For New Zealand, test results must be no more than two years old at application time.

European Countries: Language Requirements Beyond English

European universities often require proficiency in both English and the local language. The College of Europe, for instance, requires both English and French for most programs. For English-taught programs, European universities typically require:

• Minimum level B2 on the Common European Framework (CEFR).
• TOEFL iBT scores between 70-100.
• IELTS scores in the range of 5.5-7.

Many European countries offer waivers based on previous education. For example, Austria accepts English at Reifeprüfung with a grade 2 or better, while France requires a minimum score of 11 in English on the baccalauréat.

Asian Education Hubs: Singapore, Hong Kong, and Japan

Asian universities are increasingly attracting international students with their innovative approaches to education. Japan's Examination for Japanese University Admission (EJU) evaluates Japanese language proficiency and academic abilities, available in both Japanese and English (except for the Japanese language component).

Hong Kong universities accept various international qualifications and have clear English requirements. Hong Kong Baptist University, for example, accepts TOEFL iBT (score: 79), IELTS (overall band: 6.0), and several other language qualifications.

Singapore maintains rigorous entry standards, with Nanyang Technological University requiring AP Calculus BC for engineering and science programs. Additionally, if English wasn't your medium of instruction, you must submit qualifying English test scores.

Scoring high on entrance exams can open doors to scholarships and top-tier universities. For focused prep and expert advice, Topmate can connect you with expert mentors who’ve successfully navigated the same path.

Understanding a country’s exam requirements is just the beginning; what truly matters is how well you perform.

Maximizing Scores and Scholarship Opportunities

Achieving high scores on international exams opens doors not just to prestigious universities but also to substantial financial aid opportunities. Strategic preparation and smart testing strategies can significantly reduce your study abroad expenses while maximizing your chances of admission.

Exam-Linked Scholarships for Indian Students

Excellent test scores directly translate to scholarship opportunities across various exams. The College Board India Scholars Program offers significant financial assistance based on SAT performance:

• Full tuition scholarships through graduation for students with SAT scores of 1300+ and family income below ₹8 lakh.
• Up to 90% off SAT registration fees for students with an annual family income below ₹8 lakh.
• 50% SAT fee reduction for families with income between ₹8-15 lakh.

Meanwhile, language proficiency exams offer their awards. The British Council IELTS Award provides between ₹3,15,000-₹10,50,000, depending on your tuition fees, whereas TOEFL offers several funding options, including the Research Grant for Graduate Students (up to ₹8,34,136).

Score Improvement Strategies for Retakes

When retaking exams to boost your scores, focused preparation yields better results than multiple random attempts. For effective improvement, first, analyze your previous performance to identify specific weakness areas rather than studying broadly. Subsequently, create a structured study plan targeting those weaknesses while maintaining your strengths.

For SAT/ACT retakes, the College Board recommends allowing ample preparation time between attempts. Ultimately, timing matters; scheduling retakes at least 2-3 months apart gives you adequate preparation time without delaying your applications.

Topmate mentors can help you improve scores strategically, identify the best-fit scholarships, and avoid wasting time on unnecessary retakes.

Balancing Multiple Exam Preparations

Juggling multiple exam preparations requires a more strategic approach. Indeed, the key lies in identifying overlapping content between tests and your academic curriculum.

Set aside 60-70% of your study time for common topics across exams. Finally, allocate the remaining 30-40% for exam-specific content. Consider dedicating certain days for specific exams; perhaps weekdays for common subjects and weekends for specialized content.

Cost-Effective Testing Approaches

Smart financial planning can significantly reduce your testing expenses. The IELTS One Skill Retake option allows you to retake only your weakest section rather than the entire exam, saving both time and money.

Notably, many universities accept alternative, more affordable testing options. The Duolingo English Test costs approximately ₹5,000, which is significantly less than traditional tests, and is recognized at over 5,000 universities globally.

Looking into test fee waivers based on financial need can help you save money. But the best way to cut costs is by doing well on your first try—this can save you thousands by avoiding the need to retake the exam.

While maximizing scores and securing scholarships are vital, understanding the key differences among various international exams can help you choose the one that best aligns with your academic goals and study abroad plans. Comparing these exams ensures informed decision-making tailored to specific requirements.

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Conclusion

Choosing the right international exam is a crucial step in your study abroad journey. Understanding each exam's unique requirements, scoring systems, and acceptance across different countries helps you make informed decisions that align with your academic goals.

Strategic preparation remains essential, whether you aim for undergraduate studies through SAT/ACT or pursue advanced degrees with GRE/GMAT. Remember these key points while planning your exam preparations:

• Research country-specific requirements thoroughly before finalizing your target exams.
• Consider test-optional policies while applying to universities, particularly in the US.
• Focus on achieving competitive scores in your first attempt to minimize retake costs.
• Explore exam-linked scholarship opportunities to reduce your education expenses.

At Topmate, we don’t just tell you to prepare—we show you how, with support that’s personal, practical, and proven. Whether you're aiming for the GRE, GMAT, TOEFL, IELTS, or other entrance exams, you can connect directly with mentors who’ve already aced them and secured admissions to top global universities.

Through one-on-one sessions, these mentors help you:

• Choose the right exam based on your academic background and career goals.
• Build a study plan that fits your timeline and learning style.
• Break down difficult topics with tips and strategies from real test-takers.
• Get honest feedback on practice tests, essays, or speaking tasks.
• Learn from their experience—what worked, what didn’t, and how to avoid common pitfalls.

You don’t need to guess your way through prep. With Topmate, you get clarity, direction, and expert guidance from someone who’s already been in your shoes.